Metal removing tool



Sept 25, 1945. R. R, WEDDELL '2,385,750

METAL REMOVING TOOL Filed May l0, 1943 BY PAA." CAM, ATTORNEYS Patented Sept. 25, 1945 UNITED I STATES PATENT osi-lcs v` A l METAL nznsovvlve 'rooL l ...ulitlglmam 9Claims.

This invention relates to metal removing tools of the inserted blade type, and the general ob-v ject is t Provide a novel blade mounting which permits of wear adjustment and eillciency in the use of cutting material, and `which locks the blade rmly in the cutter body.

Another object is to provide a novel blade mounting which enables the amount of blade adjustment to be gauged accurately over` a. wide range.

'I'he invention also resides in the novel construction of the blade which enables the foregoing objects to be carried out.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a side view partially in diametrical section of a tool embodying the improved mount- Figs. 2 and 3 are fragmentary sections showing different adjusted positions of the blade.

Fig. 4 is a section taken along the line' 4 4 of Fig. 1,

' Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the blade.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of amodiiied blade.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view of ia modified form of the blade mounting.

While the invention is applicable to all kinds of inserted tooth metal removing cutters including milling cutters, lathe tools, hollow mills, and lboring bars, it has been shown for purposes of illustration embodied in a face mill (Figs. 1 to 4) and in a fly-cutter (Fig. 7). It is to be understood that I do not intend, by such disclosure, to limit the invention to any particular kind of tool nor to the particularblade mounting shown, but aim to cover all modifications and alternative constructions falling within the spirit andA scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

The face mill shown in Figs. 1 to 4 has a cylindrical body or holder I0 formed with an annular-series of recesses II receiving blades -l2 whose ends I3 project from a peripheral flange I4 around one end face of the body and are sharpened to form the usual cutting edges l5 and I6. Herein, the recesses Il which open on opposite end faces of the body Illv diverge axially and are broached or otherwise formed to a generally equilateral triangular cross section with one side of the triangle facing radially and outwardly in the present instance.

The blades l2,- which may be composed of any Suitable cutting material or carry inserts of such Cil material, arel of equilateral triangular cross section with the corners relieved so that the sides l'will seat against the corresponding walls of the blade recess as shown in Fig. 4. Locking of the blades is effected by individual set screws I1, preferably of the socket head type, threadinginto holes I8 that open on the periphery ofthe body and, in the forms shown in Figs.- .1 to 4, are disposed perpendicular to the outer wall of the blade recess. Preferably, the screw holes are offset laterally from the axis of therecess so that the `flat inner end I9 or the screw engages the 'side face 20 of the blade to one side of the center 'line as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Thus, when the single locking screw is tightened down. the blade is forced irmly into its V-shaped seat.

Adjustment of the blade for wear is effected by loosening the locking screw I1 and shifting the blade endwise in its recess. This is accom,- plished in accordance with the present invention by a set screw 2l, preferably of the same size and type as the locking screwl'l, threading into a hole 22 in the body I6 which hole extends in the general direction of the adjustment and converges inwardly at a small angle, about twenty degrees, and intersects the blade recess. The intersection extends from a point 2J near the end of the blade recess remote from the cutting edges to a point 24 about midway between the ends ot the recess. Thus, the screwA 2|. although disposedatanangletotherecess,hasalongrange of adjustment along the recess as shown by its extreme positions in Figs. 1 and 2. v

In .order toprovide an extremely long range of wear adjustment with a blade vo1! given length, the present invention contemplates formation of face zu for selective engagement by the flattened end surface 26 0f the screw. Two such surfaces 2l and 28 are provided in the present instance. 1`

both facing away from the cutting edges of the blade and ansularly disposed substantially perpendicular to the axis of the adjusting screw Il in the assembled cutter. Herein. one of the surfaces 21 is at the end of the blade remote from the cutting edges and is formed simply by cutting off the blade so that the angle included be-v tween the blade face 20 and the shoulder surface 21 will be obtuse and approximately 110.

The other shoulder 28 constitutes the end wall of a recess or niche formed in the side 2l of the blade near the end 21 and having a bottom Il which preferably is concave in shape and extends substantially perpendicular to the shoulders 2l converges .toward and intersects the surface 2l at a point .near the shoulder 2'l.

'I'he spacing of the surfaces 21 and '22.15 determined by the length of thescrew 2l and the inclination of the screw hole relative' to the blade recess. In general, this spacing 'is such that when the screw has been advanced substantially shroughthe range of its eifective engagement of the threads on the body, as shwn in 111g. 2, the end surface 21-will be disposed substantially at the point where the screw end 2i will, if retracted as shown in Fig. 3, engage the end surface 21. The niche 29 is odset laterally from the center line of the blade, and the hole 22 is similarly offset on the side opposite the line of enassenso tegeous.- Itis' plain sided except fer the mene 2|. Being triangular with` the configuration on .g I: desired, the rang-e er adjustment ef the blade may be increased by providing agreater number ofniches 2l and shoulders 28 spaced along the blade. Also, in certain types of tools, such as ily-cutters, the locking screw l1 may be utilized gagement between thev side 2l and the locking' screw l1. Thus, the niche may be advanced during wear adjustment of the blade past the screw Il without interfering with the edective lockin'g 'action of the latter.

locking screws of all of the' blades are loosened,-

afterwhich the screws 2l are turned further into the holes 22. The shoulders 2B and, therefore,y the blades are advanced longitudinally of the blade recess, and, after the proper degree of advance, the screws I1 are tightened and the cutter is ready for sharpening.

The adjustment may be gauged accurately, and, by turning the different screws 2l through equal angles,` all of the-blades will be adjusted precisely equal distances. As a result, and'because the adjustment is progressive instead of step-by-step, the amount of metal to be removed in sharpening may be reduced to a minimum.

Such 'adjustment may be repeated from time to time until the blades have reached the position shown in Fig. 2 in which the bottom of the niche 29 lies close to the screw 2| and the latter has reached its limiting effective position in the hole 22. Toeect further adjustment, the screw 2l is retracted in the hole 22 to its initial position, and the blade is positioned with its end surface 2l instead ofthe shoulder 28 in abutment with the screw end 26 as shown in Fig. 3. Thereafter, repeated adjustments may be made until the screw 2l, while engaging theblade end 21, has' reached the limit of its range. In this advance, the niche 29 may pass the locking screw I1 without interfering with the effectiveness of the latter.

By adapting the blade with one or more shoul. ders as above described for engagement with the back-up screw 2l, the range of the blade adjustment is increased'substantially. Actually, the increase with the arrangement shown is about thirty-five per cent as compared to engagement of the screw with the blade end alone. This represents a corresponding savingin the cost of reto perform the additional function of resisting the forces sometimes applied tothe blade Itending to pull the blade out of its mounting. For this purpose.' the screw hole Il' would be extended relative to the bladerecess llat a small angle and in a, direction opposite to the hole 22 as shown in Figs?. Similarly, the blade face 20 would havea second niche 32 of the same form and the two inclined screws force the .blade firmly in the 'desired socket. The two are offset as before to avoid interference between one screw and the lniche for the other. Wear adjustment of lthe cutter thus modified is effected by backing oi! the screw `i1 followed by advance of the screw 2l.

I claim as my invention:

l. A' cutting tool having, in combination, a body having'an elongated blade recess open at one end -.and providing a Veshaped seat along one side,

placement blades. In addition, the overall length an elongated blade of generally triangular crosssection disposed in and adjustable along said recess with one end having a cutting edge thereon vand projecting from the body through said open end, the opposite end of the blade having Ia surface at said end set at an obtuse included angle relative to one side of the blade, a threaded hole in said body intersecting said recess and disposed substantially perpendicular to said end surface.' a niche formed in saidA blade and having a surface spaced from and disposed substantially parallel to said end surface, a screw threading into said hole and engageable selectively with either of said surfaces depending on the axial position of said blade and defining an adjustable rear abutment for the blade, and means engageable with said blade to press the same laterally againstsaid seat.

2. A cutting tool having, in combination, a body having anelongated blade recess open at one end and providing a seat along one side, an elongated |blade disposed in and adjustable along said recess with lone end having a cutting edge thereon and projecting from the body through said open end, the opposite endv of the blade having'a surface at said end makingv an'obtuse included angle relative to one side of the blade, a threaded hole in said body intersecting said recess and disposed substantially perpendicular to said end surface, a niche formed in 'said blade and having a surface spacedl from and disposed substantially parallel to said end surface, a screw threading into said hole and Aengageable selectively with either of saidsurfaces depending on the axial position of said bladefand'deilning an adjustable rear abutment for Vthe bladef'andmeans operable to press said 'lblafde'v laterally'against said seat.

3. `A cutting toolhaving, in combination, a body having an elongated blade recess open at one end, an elongated blade disposed in and adjustable along said recess, a screw threading into said body and engaging one side face of said blade to clamp the latter against one side wall of said recess with one end of the blade projecting from said body through said open end, a shoulder on said side face of the blade intermediate the ends of said blade and facing-away from said projecting end and laterally oilset with respect to the longitudinal center line of said side face, and making an obtuse included angle with said blade side, and a second screw threading into said body and engaging said shoulder to permit adjustment of the blade axially, said screws being qilset from each other laterally on opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of said side face whereby to provide an unbroken surfaceAv on said face at one side of the' longitudinal center thereof for engagement b'y said ilrst mentioned screw.

4. A cutting tool having, in combination, a body having a blade recess open at one end, a blade disposed in said recess with one end projecting from said recess end, a plurality of shoulders on said blade spaced along the latter and respectively facing toward opposite ends of the blade, said shoulders each making an obtuse included angle with one side of the blade, threaded holes in said body intersecting said recess and disposed substantially perpendicular to said shoulders, and screws in said holes engaging said shoulders and operable to adjust the blade axially and clamp it against one side wall of the recess.

5. A tool blade having longitudinally spaced recesses formed in one side and respectively deilning shoulders which face in opposite directions longitudinally of the blade, said shoulders being disposed at dbtuse includedangles relative to said side and oil'set relative to each other lateryally of the blade axis. l

6. A tool blade having longitudinally spaced recesses formed in one side intermediate the ends thereof and respectively defining shoulders facing in opposite directions longitudinally of the blade. said shoulders being disposed at obtuse included angles relative to said side.

7. A cutting tool having in combination a body having an elongated blade recess open at oneend and providing a blade seat along one side, an elongated blade disposed in and adjustable along said recess with one end projecting from the body through said open end, said body being provided with a hole intersecting said recess, the axisvof the hole being inclined and converging toward the axis of the recess in the direction of said open end, a member in said hole adjustable axially thereof and including an end abutment portion engageable with the blade, means for adjusting said member axially of rsaid hole to move said abutment portion into and along said recess, and a plurality of shoulders on said blade spaced along the latter and each shoulder including a surface portion lying in a plane disposed substantially perpendicularly to the axis of said hole and said member, said shoulders being selectively and successivelyengageable with the abutment end portion of said member to locate said blade in different positions determined by the adjustment of thev member within said hole and the particular shoulder which is in abutting engagement therewith. and means for clamping the blade within the recess in any one of its adjusted positions.

8. A tool blade comprising an elongated sided block having a cutting edge at one end thereof and being of substanally uniform cross-section between its ends, the other end of said block forming an adjustment abutment and having an obtuse included angle with one side of the block, and means defining a depression in said one side ofthe block defined in part by an adjustment abutment shoulder facing in the same direction as said end abutment, said abutment shoulder and said end abutment lying in substantially parallel planes and being disposed relative to said blade at an angle such that a perpendicular to either said end abutment or said shoulder albutment extends transversely through the blade and intersects the opposite side of the blade.

9. A tool blade comprising an elongated sided block having a cutting edge at oneend thereof and being of substantially uniform cross-section between its ends, the other end of said block forming an adjustment abutment and `having an obtuse included angle with one side of the block, and means denning a depression in said one side of the block dened in part by an adjustment abutment shoulder facing in the same direction as said end abutment, said abutment shoulder and said end abutment lying in substantially parallel planes and being disposed relative to said blade at an angle such that a perpendicular to either said end abutment vor said shoulder abutment extends transversely through the blade and intersects the opposite side of the blade, and the bottom of said depression `lying adjacent said shoulder abutment conversing toward said one side of the block and intersecting the-plane thereof at such side substantially at the. intersection of the end abutment with said one side. RALPH R. WEDDELL. 

